{"id":17138,"date":"2022-04-25T17:50:14","date_gmt":"2022-04-25T12:20:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/?p=17138"},"modified":"2022-05-19T10:22:10","modified_gmt":"2022-05-19T04:52:10","slug":"bispecific-antibodies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/bispecific-antibodies","title":{"rendered":"Rise In Bispecific Antibodies Utilization As Antibody Therapeutics"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d5159537bb4\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d5159537bb4\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/bispecific-antibodies\/#Bispecific_Antibody_Structure\" >Bispecific Antibody Structure<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/bispecific-antibodies\/#IgG-like_Bispecific_Antibodies\" >IgG-like Bispecific Antibodies<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/bispecific-antibodies\/#Non-IgG-like_Bispecific_Antibodies\" >Non-IgG-like Bispecific Antibodies<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/bispecific-antibodies\/#Design_and_Engineering_of_Bispecific_Antibodies\" >Design and Engineering of Bispecific Antibodies<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/bispecific-antibodies\/#Mechanisms_of_Action_of_Bispecific_Antibodies\" >Mechanisms of Action of Bispecific Antibodies<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/bispecific-antibodies\/#Applications_of_Bispecific_Antibodies\" >Applications of Bispecific Antibodies<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/bispecific-antibodies\/#Diagnostic_Applications\" >Diagnostic Applications<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/bispecific-antibodies\/#Clinical_Diagnosis\" >Clinical Diagnosis<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/bispecific-antibodies\/#Medical_Imaging\" >Medical Imaging<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/bispecific-antibodies\/#Therapeutic_Applications\" >Therapeutic Applications<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/bispecific-antibodies\/#Tumors\" >Tumors<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/bispecific-antibodies\/#Alzheimers_Disease\" >Alzheimer\u2019s Disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/bispecific-antibodies\/#Diabetes_and_Obesity\" >Diabetes and Obesity<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/bispecific-antibodies\/#Pneumonia_and_Eye_Diseases\" >Pneumonia and Eye Diseases<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/bispecific-antibodies\/#List_of_Bispecific_Antibody_Drugs\" >List of Bispecific Antibody Drugs<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/bispecific-antibodies\/#Way_Ahead_For_Bispecific_Antibodies\" >Way Ahead For Bispecific Antibodies<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>Bispecific Antibodies (BsAbs) are antibodies that contain two different antigens or have two different epitopes on the same antigen. It is observed for Bispecific Antibodies in clinical trials that the therapeutic effects of these are considerably higher than those of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). There are a vast number of applications of Bispecific Antibodies that can be incorporated into tumor immunotherapy and also for the treatment of many other diseases. Recently, with progress in antibody or protein engineering and novel recombinant DNA technology, various platforms for generating different types of Bispecific Antibodies based on novel strategies, for various uses, have been established. More than <strong>30 mature commercial technology platforms<\/strong> have been used to create and develop Bispecific Antibodies based on the heterologous recombination of heavy chains and matching of light chains.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The detailed mechanisms of clinical\/therapeutic action have been demonstrated with these different Bispecific Antibodies types. Many Bispecific Antibodies types have received market approval, and there are more than 110+ Bispecific Antibodies in clinical trials at various stages. Bispecific Antibodies have already shown great <a href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/report-store\/cancer-therapy-market\">therapeutic potential in cancer<\/a> and other diseases, such as diabetes, Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other <a href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/delveinsights-ophthalmologic-disorders-based-gene-therapy-reports\">ophthalmological diseases<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-bispecific-antibody-structure\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bispecific_Antibody_Structure\"><\/span><strong>Bispecific Antibody Structure<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bispecific Antibodies are present in many formats, but main types of Bispecific Antibodies include&nbsp; IgG-like and non-IgG-like. Main manufacturing methods include quadromas, genetic recombination,&nbsp; chemical conjugation, and each method results in a unique format. On the basis of their different properties, Bispecific Antibodies are classified into two distinct types: IgG-like Bispecific Antibodies and non-IgG-like Bispecific Antibodies, and their detailed structure is as follows-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IgG-like_Bispecific_Antibodies\"><\/span><strong>IgG-like Bispecific Antibodies<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>IgG-like format constitutes the traditional monoclonal antibody (mAb) structure of <strong>two Fab arms <\/strong><strong>&nbsp;(fragment antigen-binding<\/strong><strong>) <\/strong>and <strong>one Fc region (fragment crystallization),<\/strong> except the two Fab sites bind different antigens. The most common formats are called trifunctional antibodies, also they have three unique binding sites on the antibody: the two Fab regions, and the Fc region. Each light and heavy chain pair is from a unique mAb. The Fc region made from the two heavy chains forms the third binding site. These Bispecific Antibodies are often manufactured with the quadroma, or the hybrid hybridoma, method. However, the quadroma method relies on random chance to form usable Bispecific Antibodies, and can be inefficient. Another method for manufacturing IgG-like Bispecific Antibodies is called<strong> &#8220;knobs into holes,&#8221;<\/strong> and relies on introducing a mutation for a large amino acid in the heavy chain from one mAb, and a mutation for a small amino acid in the other mAb&#8217;s heavy chain. This allows the target heavy chains (and their corresponding light chains) to fit together better, and makes the production of Bispecific Antibodies more reliable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Non-IgG-like_Bispecific_Antibodies\"><\/span><strong>Non-IgG-like Bispecific Antibodies<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There are other Bispecific Antibodies that<strong> lack an Fc region entirely<\/strong>, leading to relatively simple design strategies. These include <strong>chemically linked Fabs, consisting of only the Fab regions,<\/strong> and various types of bivalent and trivalent <strong>single-chain variable fragments (ScFvs)<\/strong>. Proper utilization of engineered peptide linkers, scFvs can form <strong>dimers<\/strong>, <strong>trimers<\/strong>, <strong>tetramers<\/strong>, <strong>pentamers <\/strong>and even <strong>higher order oligomers<\/strong>.&nbsp; The <strong>bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE)<\/strong> is one type of tandem scFvs that constitutes of two scFvs, one binds to CD3 on T cells and the other one binds to a surface antigen on tumor cells to redirect T cells to kill tumor cells. Using this approach, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/most-expensive-drugs-in-the-us\"><strong>Blinatumomab (Blincyto)<\/strong><\/a> has been FDA approved for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/report-store\/acute-lymphoblastic-leukemia-all-market\"><strong>Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) treatment<\/strong><\/a>. There are also fusion proteins mimicking the variable domains of two antibodies.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Design_and_Engineering_of_Bispecific_Antibodies\"><\/span><strong>Design and Engineering of Bispecific Antibodies<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the beginning, Bispecific Antibodies were developed using the quadroma method (hybrid hybridoma). Because of the random assembly of two different heavy and two different light chains, only one functional Bispecific Antibody existed whereas the other nine variants are either non-functional or monospecific. This leads to a low yield of target Bispecific Antibodies which poses a big challenge to the downstream purification process. To overcome the heavy and light chain association issue, scientists have focused on recombinant DNA technology to engineer Bispecific Antibodies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mechanisms_of_Action_of_Bispecific_Antibodies\"><\/span><strong>Mechanisms of Action of Bispecific Antibodies<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bispecific Antibodies have two binding sites located at different antigens for recognition of two different epitopes of one antigen simultaneously, the functioning pathways are quite flexible. Some Bispecific Antibodies play the role of immune cell connector, connecting tumor cells to immune cells. Most of these Bispecific Antibodies target <strong>CD3,&nbsp; CD47, and CD16,<\/strong> also some release immune cells from an immunosuppressed state for dual-targeted immune checkpoints, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/lag-3-next-generation-cancer-immunotherapy\"><strong>LAG-3<\/strong><\/a><strong>, <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/tag\/pd-1-and-pd-l-1-inhibitors\"><strong>PD1<\/strong><\/a><strong>, <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/asco-conference\/article\/dual-anti-ctla-4-anti-pd-1-blockade\"><strong>CTLA-4<\/strong><\/a>. Other Bispecific Antibodies target the immune checkpoint and TAAs, while other Bispecific Antibodies target <strong>CD28 and CD137<\/strong> to activate immune cell activity. On top of targeting immune cells, Bispecific Antibodies target tumor antigens, blocking dual signaling pathways. The main targets are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/report-store\/177-lutetium-psma-617-emerging-drug-insight-and-market-forecast\"><strong>PSMA<\/strong><\/a><strong>, HER2, HER3, EGFR, DLL1, and <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/tag\/ang-2-vegf-drug-faricimab\"><strong>ANG-2<\/strong><\/a>. Besides targeting dual tumor targets, some target inflammatory factors in the tumor microenvironment to reduce inflammation and CRS. Most Bispecific Antibodies target tumors, although some are used for hemophilia A treatment, neovascular age-related macular degeneration, diabetes, pneumonia caused by bacteria, and many more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Applications_of_Bispecific_Antibodies\"><\/span><strong>Applications of Bispecific Antibodies<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bispecific Antibodies are massively&nbsp; used in both the diagnosis and therapy of several diseases.In respect to diagnosis, Bispecific Antibodies can even be combined with <strong>HRPO<\/strong>; BsAbs can be used in pre-targeting strategies to assist in clinical diagnosis; and provide better imaging for the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. On the other hand, in terms of therapy, the main strategy is to precisely target and reactivate immune cells, help regulate the activation of immune cells, fine-tune the fate and function of immune cells, improve the tolerance of immune cells, and promote a return to immune homeostasis. In addition to tumors, Bispecific Antibodies can treat other diseases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.delveinsight.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/25153353\/Applications-of-Bispecific-Antibodies-1024x348.png\" alt=\"Applications of Bispecific Antibodies\" class=\"wp-image-17140\" width=\"1024\" height=\"348\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.delveinsight.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/25153353\/Applications-of-Bispecific-Antibodies-1024x348.png 1024w, https:\/\/assets.delveinsight.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/25153353\/Applications-of-Bispecific-Antibodies-300x102.png 300w, https:\/\/assets.delveinsight.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/25153353\/Applications-of-Bispecific-Antibodies-150x51.png 150w, https:\/\/assets.delveinsight.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/25153353\/Applications-of-Bispecific-Antibodies-768x261.png 768w, https:\/\/assets.delveinsight.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/25153353\/Applications-of-Bispecific-Antibodies.png 1178w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Diagnostic_Applications\"><\/span><strong>Diagnostic Applications<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Clinical_Diagnosis\"><\/span><strong>Clinical Diagnosis<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Because Bispecific Antibodies can bind to specific detection sites and specific antigens simultaneously, their design is sensitive, flexible, and convenient. They can reduce the harmful effects of chemical modification of enzymes or antibodies, simplify detection, and help detect infectious bacterial and viral diseases and diagnose cancer. <strong>Lipoarabinomannan (LAM)<\/strong>, is considered to be an important non-protein antigen of the cell wall of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/report-store\/tuberculosis-market\"><strong>tuberculosis bacteria<\/strong><\/a><strong>,<\/strong> and it is found in various bodily fluids of infected patients. Bispecific Antibodies that target LAM and HRPO can be used for the rapid detection of tuberculosis bacteria. <em>Staphylococcus aureus<\/em> is the main cause for <strong>wound infection<\/strong>. Bispecific Antibodies target HRPO and S. aureus thermal nuclease (TNase) for enabling the detection of the presence of S. aureus. Finally, Bispecific Antibodies targeting of the nuclear plasmid protein of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/tag\/sars-cov-2\"><strong>SARS coronavirus<\/strong><\/a> immunoassay antigen is also considered to be superior to that by MoAb in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and signal strength while maintaining a minimal signal background.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Medical_Imaging\"><\/span><strong>Medical Imaging<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>18F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)<\/strong> is able to identify cancer and new potential lesions in clinical diagnosis. However, FDG-PET has some limited sensitivity to tumors smaller than 1 cm and also lacks specificity for inflammatory or infectious lesions. To combat those, pre-targeted detection based on Bispecific Antibodies is used in clinics. First, a Bispecific Antibody that specifically recognizes both tumor antigens and small molecule polypeptides is injected into the patient. Then, a small radiolabeled molecule is injected into the tumor location and combined with the pre-targeted Bispecific Antibody when the concentration of BsAb in the blood increases to achieve blood clearance. The tumor is assessed based on radioactive radiation, and the excess radiolabeled small molecule is excreted. This method has high binding specificity, sensitivity, and safety.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Therapeutic_Applications\"><\/span><strong>Therapeutic Applications<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tumors\"><\/span><strong>Tumors<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>It is observed that almost over <strong>86%<\/strong> of the Bispecific Antibodies developed till date are used in cancer treatment. During the targeted cancer therapy, the half-life of&nbsp; Bispecific Antibodies can be changed with their molecular size. For some other BsAbs of small molecular size, such as those on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/oncological-drugs-to-be-launch-in-2022\"><strong>BiTE platform<\/strong><\/a>, it is necessary to increase their half-life, for example by adding a section of Fc to avoid multiple infusions. Some nanobodies extend the half-life by conjugation. For example, adding a human serum albumin binding domain can enlarge the molecular size and promote the localization of Bispecific Antibodies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Alzheimers_Disease\"><\/span><strong>Alzheimer\u2019s Disease<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Amyloid \u03b2 protein (A\u03b2)<\/strong> has been associated many times with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/report-store\/alzheimers-disease-ad-market\"><strong>Alzheimer&#8217;s disease<\/strong><\/a><strong> (AD)<\/strong> as it constitutes a major component of the extracellular plaque found in AD brains. A Bispecific Antibody namely BI 1034020 aims to target two different epitopes of <strong>A\u03b2 (A\u03b240 and A\u03b242)<\/strong> with high affinity. Its goal is to reduce the level of free A\u03b2 peptide in plasma and thus prevent the formation of new A\u03b2 plaques and clear existing plaques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In terms of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), <strong>ANG4043 &#8211; a BsAb<\/strong> is evident in providing new strategies to target <strong>Angiopep-2 (An2) <\/strong>and <strong>HER2<\/strong>. An2 can bind to low-density lipoprotein-like receptor 1 (LRP1), which effectively crosses the BBB \u200b\u200bthrough receptor-mediated endocytosis and is taken up by cells expressing LRP1. Preclinical evidence on ANG4043 shows that it not only treats HER2-positive brain metastasis but is also helpful in treating various <a href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/report-store\/pediatric-brain-tumors-market\"><strong>brain tumors<\/strong><\/a> and other diseases of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/tag\/central-nervous-system-disorders\"><strong>central nervous system.<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Diabetes_and_Obesity\"><\/span><strong>Diabetes and Obesity<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>FGFR1 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 1)<\/strong> improves insulin sensitivity, accelerates weight loss, and ameliorates liver steatosis. <strong>RG7992 (BFKB8488A)<\/strong> is a Bispecific Antibody that targets this FGFR1 and the coreceptor <strong>\u03b2 klotho (KLB)<\/strong> as well. Even though FGFR1 is highly expressed in many cells, \u03b2-klotho is only restricted to the liver and adipose tissues. Therefore, the BsAb &#8211; RG7992 can avoid extensive FGFR activation and provide clinical benefits for patients dealing with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/report-store\/diabetes-market\"><strong>Diabetes<\/strong><\/a><strong> <\/strong>and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/report-store\/obesity-pipeline-insight\"><strong>Obesity<\/strong><\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pneumonia_and_Eye_Diseases\"><\/span><strong>Pneumonia and Eye Diseases<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The overuse of antibiotics has led to a sudden increase in bacterial resistance, and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/em> has turned out to be one of the main culprits behind clinical lung infections. In one of the experimental rabbit lung infection models, <strong>MEDI3902 <\/strong>which is a Bispecific Antibody targeting the<strong> type 3 secreted protein (PcrV)<\/strong> and<strong> Psl exopolysaccharide<\/strong> has a protective effect in treatment and prevention of lung infection. In animals treated with MEDI3902, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/em> was found to be greatly reduced, and the organ burden and the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in lung tissue were also observed to be decreased significantly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/report-store\/neovascular-age-related-macular-degeneration-market\"><strong>Neovascular age-related macular degeneration<\/strong><\/a><strong> (nAMD)<\/strong> is considered&nbsp; to be the main cause of vision loss in the elderly people. The current standard of care for nAMD treatment is to inhibit Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). ANG-2 is a growth factor that plays a key role in angiogenesis, vascular homeostasis, and vascular permeability. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/report-store\/faricimab-emerging-insight-and-market-forecast\">Faricimab (RG7716)<\/a> is a BsAb targeting <a href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/sample-request\/vascular-endothelial-growth-factor-receptor-2-antagonists-pipeline-insight\">VEGF-A<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/tag\/ang-2-vegf-drug-faricimab\">ANG-2 <\/a>shows greater efficacy than anti-VEGF-A alone in a laser-induced non-human primate model.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"List_of_Bispecific_Antibody_Drugs\"><\/span><strong>List of Bispecific Antibody Drugs<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"visualizer-front-container visualizer-lazy-render\" id=\"chart_wrapper_visualizer-17134-640888605\"><style type=\"text\/css\" name=\"visualizer-custom-css\" id=\"customcss-visualizer-17134\">.locker,.locker-loader{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%}.locker{z-index:1000;opacity:.8;background-color:#fff;-ms-filter:\"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=80)\";filter:alpha(opacity=80)}.locker-loader{z-index:1001;background:url(https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/visualizer\/images\/ajax-loader.gif) no-repeat center center}.dt-button{display:none!important}.visualizer-front-container.visualizer-lazy-render{content-visibility: auto;}.google-visualization-controls-categoryfilter label.google-visualization-controls-label {vertical-align: middle;}.google-visualization-controls-categoryfilter li.goog-inline-block {margin: 0 0.2em;}.google-visualization-controls-categoryfilter li {padding: 0 0.2em;}.visualizer-front-container .dataTables_scrollHeadInner{margin: 0 auto;}<\/style><div id=\"visualizer-17134-640888605\" class=\"visualizer-front  visualizer-front-17134\"><\/div><!-- Not showing structured data for chart 17134 because title is empty --><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Contrary to Monospecific Antibodies, Bispecific Antibodies are antibodies containing two antigen-binding sites and therefore can simultaneously target two different epitopes. In January 2022, Faricimab (Vabysmo, Roche) was FDA approved for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/report-store\/wet-age-related-macular-degeneration-wet-amd-market\">Wet Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) treatment<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/report-store\/diabetic-macular-edema-dme-market\">Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) treatment<\/a>. Besides the first Bispecific Antibodies Catumaxomab being withdrawn in 2017, to this date, this is the fourth Bispecific Antibody drug on the market now. With the increased attention in the antibody field, Bispecific Antibodies have accounted for nearly 20% of the clinical antibody pipeline, with about <strong>150+<\/strong> Bispecific Antibodies currently in clinical trials. Major Bispecific Antibodies producing companies include drug giants such as <strong>Genmab, Roche, Amgen, Trion<\/strong> whereas companies having BsAbs in the pipeline include <strong>Biointron, Akeso Inc, MacroGenics Inc, Xencor Inc, Alphamab Oncology, Johnson &amp; Johnson, Zymeworks Inc, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center,<\/strong> and many more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.delveinsight.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/25153153\/Key-Companies-Producing-Bispecific-Antibodies-1024x387.png\" alt=\"Key companies in the Bispecific Antibodies Market\" class=\"wp-image-17139\" width=\"1024\" height=\"387\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.delveinsight.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/25153153\/Key-Companies-Producing-Bispecific-Antibodies-1024x387.png 1024w, https:\/\/assets.delveinsight.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/25153153\/Key-Companies-Producing-Bispecific-Antibodies-300x113.png 300w, https:\/\/assets.delveinsight.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/25153153\/Key-Companies-Producing-Bispecific-Antibodies-150x57.png 150w, https:\/\/assets.delveinsight.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/25153153\/Key-Companies-Producing-Bispecific-Antibodies-768x290.png 768w, https:\/\/assets.delveinsight.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/25153153\/Key-Companies-Producing-Bispecific-Antibodies.png 1214w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><strong>Leading Pharma Giants Involved In Bispecific Antibodies Production<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Way_Ahead_For_Bispecific_Antibodies\"><\/span><strong>Way Ahead For Bispecific Antibodies<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The recent and rapid development of recombinant DNA technology, also with the deep understanding of antibody engineering, diversity in Bispecific Antibody formats can be observed. These Bispecific Antibodies are under several clinical trials in the emerging pipeline to pursue optimal biological activity and clinical purposes. Bispecific Antibodies have demonstrated good therapeutic potential in oncology and other diseases such as diabetes, ophthalmological disease, and Alzheimer&#8217;s disease. The future BsAbs development can witness the involvement of developing and using new targets, new platforms, new combinations as well as new geometric configurations, and on top of that combined treatments with traditional biological drugs, other forms of immunotherapy, physical and chemical therapies. Bispecific Antibodies also have the potential to become the new focus of future medical and biological research and development. Currently, numerous Bispecific Antibodies are entering several classes of clinical development and it can be estimated that there will be more Bispecific Antibodies getting marketing approval in the future.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bispecific Antibodies (BsAbs) are antibodies that contain two different antigens or have two different epitopes on the same antigen. It is observed for Bispecific Antibodies in clinical trials that the therapeutic effects of these are considerably higher than those of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). There are a vast number of applications of Bispecific Antibodies that can [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":17142,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[72,19285,19286,812,1173,427],"industry":[17225],"therapeutic_areas":[17245,17228,17244],"class_list":["post-17138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag-alzheimers-disease","tag-bispecific-antibody","tag-bispecific-antibody-clinical-trials","tag-diabetes","tag-obesity","tag-oncology","industry-pharmaceutical","therapeutic_areas-neurology","therapeutic_areas-oncology","therapeutic_areas-ophthalmology"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the 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and\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/bispecific-antibodies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"DelveInsight Business Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DelveInsight-1423323754607782\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-04-25T12:20:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-05-19T04:52:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/assets.delveinsight.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/25154347\/Bispecific-Antibodies.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"772\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"482\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Sandeep Joshi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@DelveInsight\" \/>\n<meta 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