{"id":3685,"date":"2018-11-28T18:00:28","date_gmt":"2018-11-28T12:30:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/?p=3685"},"modified":"2023-06-14T17:12:15","modified_gmt":"2023-06-14T11:42:15","slug":"researchers-say-crispr-edits-to-a-human-embryo-worked","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/researchers-say-crispr-edits-to-a-human-embryo-worked","title":{"rendered":"Researchers say CRISPR edits to a human embryo worked"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;\">The researchers announced that they had edited human embryos to repair a damaged <strong>gene<\/strong> that can lead to heart failure, but critics raised their eyebrows.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;\">Now, new evidence confirms that\u00a0<span style=\"color: black; text-decoration-line: none;\">the gene editing was successful<\/span>, said by reproductive and developmental biologist <strong>Shoukhrat Mitalipov<\/strong> of <strong>Oregon Health &amp; Science University in Portland<\/strong>, and colleagues report in\u00a0\u201c<em><strong>Nature<\/strong>\u201d<\/em> that all of the conclusions were basically right.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;\">But authors of two critiques published in the same issue of\u00a0<em>Nature<\/em>\u00a0that they still aren\u2019t happy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;\">Mitalipov and colleagues used the molecular scissors <strong>CRISPR\/Cas9<\/strong> to\u00a0<span style=\"color: black; text-decoration-line: none;\">cut a faulty version of a gene<\/span>\u00a0called\u00a0<strong><em>MYBPC3<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0in sperm. People often develop <a href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/report-store\/chronic-heart-failure-market\">heart failure<\/a> who inherit this version of the gene. Cutting the gene lets cells to fix the problem by replacing wrong instructions in the gene with correct information.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;\">The researchers have given the correct information in the form of small foreign pieces of DNA, but the embryos overlooked that repair template. Instead, Mitalipov and colleagues apprised that embryos used a healthy version of the gene on the maternal\u2019s chromosome to fix the error. That action is called <strong>gene conversion.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;\">Gene conversion typically occurs when reproductive, or germline, cells swap DNA before making eggs and sperm. So it was completely not expected to figure that kind of repair happening in embryos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;\">If human embryos do overlook foreign bits of DNA that could be a problem for fixing genetic diseases that lead to when both parents pass on damaged versions of a gene. In that scenario, there would be no healthy version of the gene to copy and paste.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;\">But <strong>Thomas and colleagues<\/strong> suggest that Mitalipov\u2019s group may not have detected gene conversion at all. And the large chunks may have been cut out of the chromosome, which will be containing the faulty version of the gene and not replaced. This way it could make it look like gene conversion had happened, bamboozling researchers that they had made a repair.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;\">Mitalipov\u2019s group used a technique called<strong> polymerase chain reaction, or PCR<\/strong>, to confirm that they had repaired the faulty copy of the gene. PCR has photocopied stretches of the repaired gene for analysis. The team found that only the maternal\u2019s version of the gene was in the edited embryos. That resulted in a conclusion that gene conversion had copied the maternal version of the gene onto the father\u2019s chromosome.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;\">However, the researchers weren\u2019t able to take a closer look at the gene, they can\u2019t be assured of gene conversion. Cutting out a portion of the father\u2019s gene would lead to only the mother\u2019s version to be copied during PCR. That might give the conclusion that the father\u2019s gene was converted to the maternal form when that piece of DNA is missing from the father\u2019s gene.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;\">Such large DNA deletions\u00a0<span style=\"color: black; text-decoration-line: none;\">were common in experiments with mice<\/span>, but Mitalipov and colleagues didn\u2019t report this regarding evidence that DNA portions were deleted from the human embryos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;\">The rock solid evidence of gene correction was missing from Mitalipov\u2019s original report as told by <strong>Maria Jasin,<\/strong> a developmental biologist at <strong>Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City<\/strong>. \u00a0Jasin, a co-author on\u00a0<span style=\"color: black; text-decoration-line: none;\">the other critique<\/span> said that the new report gives more convincing data, but eyebrows were still raised. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;\">Though there is an optimism that scientists will be able to repair broken genes in human embryos, researchers aren\u2019t there yet as said by Jasin and Thomas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;\">Lastly, given all the things that might go wrong with gene editing, such as accidentally creating mutations, there\u2019s no room for uncertainty about whether the technique will work or not, it has to be 100 percent confident, and for that, there is still a long way.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The researchers announced that they had edited human embryos to repair a damaged gene that can lead to heart failure, but critics raised their eyebrows. Now, new evidence confirms that\u00a0the gene editing was successful, said by reproductive and developmental biologist Shoukhrat Mitalipov of Oregon Health &amp; Science University in Portland, and colleagues report in\u00a0\u201cNature\u201d that [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3686,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[2237,2241,2244,2245,2240,944,2243,2239,2242,2238],"industry":[17225],"therapeutic_areas":[17235],"class_list":["post-3685","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag-gene","tag-gene-conversion","tag-maria-jasin","tag-memorial-sloan-kettering-cancer-center","tag-mybpc3","tag-nature","tag-or-pcr","tag-oregon-health-science-university-i","tag-polymerase-chain-reaction","tag-shoukhrat-mitalipov","industry-pharmaceutical","therapeutic_areas-cell-and-gene-therapy"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/articles\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Articles<\/a>"],"unlinked":["<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Articles<\/span>"]},"tags":{"linked":["<a href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/articles\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">gene<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/articles\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">gene conversion.<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/articles\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Maria Jasin<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/articles\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/articles\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">MYBPC3<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/articles\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Nature<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.delveinsight.com\/blog\/articles\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">or PCR<\/a>","<a 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class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Shoukhrat Mitalipov<\/span>"]}},"comment_count":"0","relative_dates":{"created":"Posted 7 years ago","modified":"Updated 3 years ago"},"absolute_dates":{"created":"Posted on Nov 28, 2018","modified":"Updated on Jun 14, 2023"},"absolute_dates_time":{"created":"Posted on Nov 28, 2018 6:00 pm","modified":"Updated on Jun 14, 2023 5:12 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