Bronchitis Epidemiology

• Bronchitis is an inflammation of the airways leading into the lungs. When the airways (trachea and bronchi) get irritated, they swell up and fill with mucus, causing the person to cough. The cough can last days to a couple of weeks. Viruses, smoke, and other irritants can be the main cause of bronchitis.
• Pneumonia is a complication that can follow bronchitis.
• This condition can be either acute or chronic. Acute bronchitis is very common, often developing from a cold or other respiratory infections. Chronic bronchitis, a more serious condition, is a constant irritation or inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes, often due to smoking.
• Acute bronchitis typically start with a runny nose, sore throat, productive cough, and low-grade fever; 3 or 4 days later, a dry, hacking cough may develop. The symptoms of acute bronchitis can often be more severe than chronic bronchitis; most cases of acute bronchitis last between 3 days and 10 days. 
• Chronic bronchitis is commonly defined as a cough productive of sputum on most days during at least 3 consecutive months, for not <2 consecutive years.
• In most of the countries, acute bronchitis cases were found to be more than chronic cases except for Germany. According to a study by The Robert Koch Institute, exact data on the prevalence of COPD in Germany is not available, because the definition of the disease is derived from the detection of chronic bronchitis in combination with permanent constriction of the lower respiratory tract, with or without pulmonary emphysema. But it is estimated that 10-15% of adults in Germany are affected by chronic bronchitis. The rate derived from this source was a bit high in comparison to other countries rates. 
• The impact of pandemic could be seen in the cases of acute bronchitis. It was seen that there is a steep decline in the cases. This could be because of the restrictions during the COVID period. 
• The “immunity gap” developed due to the COVID-19 pandemic is proliferating the trend of Bronchitis cases across the globe and this would lead to a sudden burden on healthcare systems across the world making it more difficult to manage the virus.
• Tests and procedures used to diagnose Bronchitis may include physical examination,sputum culture, spirometry test, Chest X-ray and CT Scan.
• In 2023, United States accounted for the highest number of Acute Bronchitis in the 7MM.
• In the United States, out of all age-specific cases of Chronic Bronchitis, individual aged 45-64 years reported the highest number of Chronic Bronchitis cases in 2023.
• Among the EU4 and the UK, out of all gender-cases Chronic Bronchitis cases, males accounted for majority of the cases in 2023.

Request for Sample Page of the Bronchitis Epidemiology

DelveInsight’s “Bronchitis Epidemiology Forecast 2034” report delivers an in-depth understanding of Bronchitis, historical and forecasted epidemiology in the United States, EU4 (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain) and the United Kingdom, and Japan.

Bronchitis Epidemiology

Bronchitis is inflammation of the mucous membranes that line the bronchi, the airways that carry air to and from the lungs. The exchange of gases between the air in the lungs and the blood in the capillaries occurs across the walls of the alveolar ducts and alveoli.

During bronchitis, increased level of inflammatory reactions is noticed in the bronchial tubes. Inflammatory cells are increased in bronchial submucosal glands and mucosa of large airways in smokers with chronic bronchitis. Gland-associated plasma cells express IL-4, and these likely promote mucus hypersecretion. Histologically, airway inflammation, hypertrophy of submucosal mucus-secreting glands, and goblet cell hyperplasia are abnormalities in smokers’ airways with chronic bronchitis. Although an increase in gland size (i.e., hypertrophy) contributes to increased airway mucus production, airway inflammation (including the presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells) rather than gland size per se is the feature most closely associated with the expectoration of sputum. 

Bronchitis may be either acute or chronic. Acute bronchitis, usually improves within a week to 10 days without lasting effects, although the cough may linger for weeks. However, if a person has repeated bronchitis, they may have chronic bronchitis, which requires medical attention. Chronic bronchitis is one of the conditions included in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Acute bronchitis

The main cause of acute bronchitis is a virus. This is often the same virus that causes a common cold, which is why bronchitis often occurs after a cold. Acute bronchitis is more common in winter and refers to a clinical syndrome distinguished by a relatively brief, self-limited inflammatory process of large and mid-sized airways not associated with evidence of pneumonia on chest radiography. It is characterized by a dry or productive cough of <3 weeks’ duration, is most prevalent in winter and is primarily caused by viruses.

Acute bronchitis is believed to be most commonly caused by a wide range of viruses e.g. Influenza viruses, Rhinoviruses, Coronaviruses. Approximately 10% or less cases are attributed to bacterial pathogens, principally Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Bordetella pertussis.

Symptoms of acute bronchitis typically start with a runny nose, sore throat, productive cough, and low-grade fever; 3 or 4 days later, a dry, hacking cough may develop. The symptoms of acute bronchitis can often be more severe than chronic bronchitis; most cases of acute bronchitis last between 3 days and 10 days. However, the cough can linger for several weeks, even after the infection that caused it is resolved.

Chronic bronchitis

Chronic bronchitis is a cough and sputum production for at least 3 months a year for 2 consecutive years; it is covered under the umbrella term of COPD. The COPD spectrum ranges from emphysema to chronic bronchitis.

There are many known causes of chronic bronchitis, but the most important causative factor is exposure to cigarette smoke, either due to active smoking or passive inhalation. Many inhaled irritants to the respiratory tract, such as smog, industrial pollutants, and toxic chemicals, can cause chronic bronchitis. The predominant viruses that are causative are influenza types A and B, and the dominant bacterial agents are Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Mycoplasma pneumonia. People with an associated background in respiratory diseases such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, or bronchiectasis have a higher predisposition to develop chronic bronchitis.

Further details are provided in the report…

Bronchitis Diagnosis

Acute bronchitis

To accurately diagnose and manage acute bronchitis in adults, the nurse practitioner should perform a history and physical exam that considers the main differential diagnoses for acute cough illness and primarily focuses on ruling out pneumonia, B. pertussis (commonly referred to as “pertussis”), and influenza.

Sometimes, the patient may need tests to rule out other health problems, such as pneumonia or asthma. These tests may include the following:

• Chest x-rays

Patients should take bronchitis X-rays to check the extent of the disease and help the doctor give the most appropriate treatment; it is also done to rule out the chances of pneumonia.

• Pulse oximetry

A pulse oximetry test is done to check the oxygen levels; an oximeter is a small device that measures the amount of oxygen in the blood.

• Sputum Analysis

Sputum and nasal discharge sample testing are done to identify the pathogen causing the infection.

Chronic bronchitis

The most critical factor in the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis is a typical history of excluding other possible diseases of the lower respiratory tract.

Documentation of airflow obstruction by pulmonary function testing is critical for diagnosing chronic bronchitis and provides valuable therapeutic information about the patient’s responsiveness to inhaled bronchodilator therapy. A measured forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of less than 70% of the total forced vital capacity (FVC)—the FEV1/FVC ratio—defines obstructive airway disease. An FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 50% indicates end-stage obstructive airway disease.

Various other tests include pulmonary function tests, peak flow monitor, arterial blood gas, Chest x-ray, CT scan and Sputum examination. 

Bronchitis Epidemiology

The Bronchitis epidemiology chapter in the report provides historical as well as forecasted epidemiology segmented by total cases of Acute Bronchitis, total cases of Chronic Bronchitis, gender-specific cases of Chronic Bronchitis, age-specific cases of Chronic Bronchitis in the United States, EU4 countries (Germany, France, Italy, Spain) and the United Kingdom, and Japan from 2021 to 2034. 

• In 7MM, the United States accounted for the highest number of acute bronchitis cases, which is 36.0% of the total cases of acute bronchitis in 2023.
• In the US, among the gender-specific cases of chronic bronchits, majority of the cases were of females in 2023.
• Among EU4 and the UK, Germany had the highest prevalent cases of Chronic Bronchitis in adults, followed by France and Italy in 2023.
• In 2023, out of all age-specific chronic bronchitis cases, individual aged 45-64 years reported the highest number of chronic bronchitis cases in Japan.

Bronchits Epidemiology Report Scope

• The Bronchits epidemiology report covers a segment of key events, an executive summary, and a descriptive overview, explaining its causes, signs and symptoms, pathogenesis, and currently available therapies.
• Comprehensive insight into the Bronchits epidemiology segments and forecasts, the future growth potential of diagnosis rate, and disease progression have been provided.
• A detailed review of current challenges in establishing diagnosis and diagnosis rate is provided.

Bronchitis Epidemiology Report Insights

• Patient Population
• Total Bronchits Incident Cases, tumor location-specific cases, gender-specific cases, age-specific cases, mutation-specific cases, stage-specific cases and linewise-treated cases
• Country-wise Epidemiology Distribution

Bronchitis Epidemiology Report Key Strengths

• 10-year forecast
• The 7MM Coverage 
• Bronchitis Epidemiology Segmentation

 

Bronchitis Epidemiology Report Assessment

• Bronchits Epidemiology Segmentation
• Current Diagnostic Practices

Key Questions

Bronchits Epidemiology Insights

• What are the disease risk, burdens, and unmet needs of Bronchitis? What will be the growth opportunities across the 7MM with respect to the patient population pertaining to Bronchitis?
• What is the historical and forecasted Bronchitis patient pool in the United States, EU4 (Germany, France, Italy, Spain) and the United Kingdom, and Japan?
• What is the diagnostic pattern of Bronchitis?
• Which clinical factors will affect Bronchitis?
• Which factors will affect the increase in the diagnosis of Bronchitis?

 

Reasons to Buy

• Insights on disease burden, details regarding diagnosis, and factors contributing to the change in the Bronchits epidemiology of the disease during the forecast years.
• To understand the change in Bronchitis cases in varying geographies over the coming years.
• Detailed overview on total incident cases of Bronchitis, tumor location-specific cases, gender-specific cases, age-specific cases, mutation-specific cases, stage-specific cases and linewise-treated cases of Bronchitis is included.
• To understand the perspective of key opinion leaders around the current challenges with establishing the diagnosis and insights on the treatment-eligible patient pool.
• Detailed insights on various factors hampering disease diagnosis and other existing diagnostic challenges.

Stay Updated with us for Recent Articles @ Latest DelveInsight Blogs