Genito Urinary System and Sex Hormones

Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a disease in which a person’s blood remains too acidic. It is a group of transport defects in the reabsorption of bicarbonate (HCO3−), the excretion of hydrogen ion (H+), or both when the kidneys fail to excrete acids into the urine. There are four types of RTA, among which distal, proximal, mixed RTA and hyperkalemic RTA is a common one. Distal RTA is rare and occurs when the α-intercalated cells of the distal tubule cannot secrete H+. Proximal RTA is a very rare disease that occurs when the proximal convoluted tubule cells are unable to reabsorb HCO3−. The third type, mixed RTA, is a type 1 RTA with HCO3− wasting and is extremely rare...