Articles

For over 100 years, immunotherapy has played a significant role in the treatment of cancer. Immune stimulatory agents such as Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, adoptive T cell and natural killer (NK) cell therapies, cytokine-based therapies etc. have gained approval for treatment of various indications. In 1980s, receptor OX-40 was recognized and in 1990s, the cDNA for the OX40 antigen was sequenced. The ligand gained popularity once more in the 21st century as a mono as well as combination therapy for many cancers and is used in both ways now. OX40 and its ligand OX40L, member of Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, are activated on CD4 and CD8 T cells. OX40 a...