Actinic Keratosis – A Warning Sign for Potential Skin Cancer

Actinic keratosis (AK) is a chronic and prevalent disease affecting areas of sun-exposed skin where visible and subclinical, non-visible lesions coexist. AK lesions are being represented as small scaly patches that can be flat or slightly raised. Their colour can range from one’s skin tone to a reddish-brown colour. AK is more prevalent among male than female population. AK also known as a solar keratosis. It mainly affects the face, lips, ears, hands, forearms, scalp or neck. The diagnosis of severe actinic keratosis recognized by nodular, indurated, or unresponsive lesions is done by biopsy.

Taking into consideration the prevalent population of Actinic Keratosis in 7MM countries is expected to increase at a CAGR of 0.85% for the study period [2016-2027]. The United States has the highest prevalence of Actinic Keratosis with 66,144,416 prevalent population in 2016. Among the EU5 countries, Germany has the highest prevalent population with 8,230,614 cases followed by the United Kingdom which has a prevalent population of 5,398,511 in 2016. On the other hand, Japan has the lowest prevalent population with 683,858 cases in 2016.

Talking about the therapeutic landscape of Actinic Keratosis, it is segmented widely into three main therapies that include the lesion-directed Destructive Therapies (cryosurgery, curettage, laser, dermabrasion, surgery etc.), field directed Topical Therapies (imiquimod, ingenol mebutate, 5-fluorouracil, and others) and Photodynamic therapies (such as Levulan Kerastick, Metvixia cream). Among the three class therapies, Destructive Therapy is the most prescribed, that leads to the highest market size, followed by topical therapies. The topical therapies that are approved are Imiquimod 3.75% (Zyclara), Imiquimod 5% (Aldara), 5-fluorouracil (Efudex; Carac), Diclofenac 3% (Solaraze), Ingenol mebutate (Picato) and others, The expected launch of upcoming topical therapies are KX-01 (Athenex), VDA-1102 (Vidac Pharma), DFD-07 (Promius Pharma) and SOR 007 (DFB Soria).

Out of the above-mentioned therapies, the KX-01 (Athenex (Kinex Pharmaceuticals)), which is a small molecule that acts as a dual Src/pre-tubulin inhibitor, shall dominate the market size of AK in coming years.

Hence, Actinic Keratosis may regress, persist, unchanged or progress to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. It becomes the potential for Skin Cancer for which precautions have to be taken accordingly.

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